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Modern automotive electronics have to be designed not only for the harsh conditions in an automobile, but also for the wide-ranging voltages encountered during the operation of the charging system. I believe the voltages you measure are within the designed allowable range.
“Although output of the alternator is nominally stable, it is not stable enough to avoid the need for conditioning before it powers the vehicle’s other systems. Unwanted voltage spikes or transients are harmful to downstream electronic systems and, if not properly addressed, can cause these systems to malfunction or cause permanent damage. In the past few decades, many automotive standards such as ISO 7637-2, ISO 16750-2, LV 124, TL82066 have been produced to define the spikes and voltage transients that automotive power supplies will face, and set design expectations.
One of the most critical and challenging high voltage transients is load dump. In automotive electronics, load dump refers to the disconnection of the vehicle battery from the alternator while the battery is being charged. During a load dump transient, the excitation field of the alternator remains high given its large time constant—the alternator still outputs high power even without the load. A battery is a big capacitor and will normally absorb the extra energy, but when it is disconnected due to a loose terminal or other issues, it can no longer provide this service. As a result, all the other electronics see the voltage surge and must be able to survive load dump events. An unsuppressed load dump could generate voltages upward of 100 V. Thankfully, modern car alternators use avalanche-rated rectifier diodes, limiting the load dump voltage to 35 V—still a significant diversion from the norm. A load dump event can last up to 400 ms.”
posted by 104.28.5...
, Wed, 16 Apr 2025 13:51:23
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