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Reading Sidewalls
Posted by Harry Hayes (more from Harry Hayes) on Fri, 24 Nov 2000 20:01:24
In Reply to: , Kok Chen, Sat, 17 Dec 1988 12:00:00 

BETTER LIVING BY READING SIDEWALLS

Strange title you say? Of course it's a weird title... Well, in all honesty
this series of articles is an attempt to break the code, to release to you
the secret, never-seen-the-light-of-day, ultra-hush-hush code that will
enlighten you to the meaning of those cryptic Alpha-numeric writtings on
the sidewalls of the tires on your car(s).

Let's start with the easy stuff... the SIZE... A common Lotus size is
175/70VR13... Okay, class what does the '175' mean? 'THAT'S THE TIRE WIDTH
IN MILLIMETERS...TEACHER...' Very good class... Now, what does the '70'
mean? 'THAT'S THE ASPECT RATIO, TEACHER... THAT MEANS THAT THE HEIGHT OF
THE TIRE IS 70% OF ITS WIDTH...ABOUT 122 MILLIMETERS' Very, very good
class. So, a 205/60VR13 is about 205mm wide and has about 123mm tall
sidewalls. All of these measurements are taken with the tire mounted on
wheel, more on how the wheel affects these measurements in a bit.

Now for a more difficult question... What does the 'V' mean? 'WELL, TEACHER
THAT IS THE 'SPEED RATING'. A 'V' RATED TIRE IS FOR SPEEDS IN EXCESS OF
130mph.' And the 'R'? 'THE 'R' IS FOR RADIAL CONSTRUCTION' Excellent
students!

The last number, 13, is the wheel diameter measured at the bead of the tire
(the inside 'lip' of the tire where it 'seals' to the rim). This
measurement is in English, that is INCHES! Please don't ask why the first
number is metric and this one English...

Recap. The first number is metric, millimeters for the overall width of the
tire when fitted on a design width rim. The second number is the aspect
ratio, represented as a percentage of the width. The next two letters are
optional. The first is either a 'Z', 'V', 'H', 'S' or blank. These signify
the speed rating. 'Z' is for over 160mph, 'V' for over 130mph, 'H' for over
112mph, and 'S' or blank is for 80mph. The next letter is only there if the
tire is a radial, then it will have an 'R'. Without an 'R' it is either
bias ply or bias belted in casing construction. And again the last number
is the wheel diameter in inches, usually 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17.

Now, let's backstep a bit, recall earlier I suggested that the wheel width
affected the tire width, that in fact the tire width designation is based
upon a design wheel width. This is in fact quite true. A tire's width will
shrink on a narrow wheel (as in rim width narrower than the designed
width). The narrow wheel's rims will pinch the sidewall inward, thus
reducing the overall width of the tire. Conversely a wider wheel will
'stretch' the sidewalls of a tire out, making the tire wider at the
sidewalls.

The rule is that a tire's width changes approximately 0.2' (two tenths of
an inch) for every 0.5' (half inch) of wheel width change. For example a
205/60-13 tire is approximately 8' wide on a design wheel width of 5.5'. If
one were to change wheels and mount the same tire on, say, a 7' wide wheel,
then the overall tire width would be approximately 8.6'. The 7'

wheel being 3 x 0.5' wider than the 5.5' wheel. Again for each 0.5' add
0.2' to tire width and we have the original 8' plus 3 x 0.2', or 8.6'. Of
course the inverse applies. Going from a 5.5' wheel width to say a 5' width
would reduce the overall tire width by 0.2'.

It is therefore apparent that the design width of the wheel has a direct
bearing upon what is marked upon the sidewall. So, the question arises, how
is the design wheel width set.

The Tire and Rim Association (TRA) has established technical specifications
that are based on engineering principles and approved practices. Standards
for European tires are set by as similar body, European Tire and Rim
Technical Organization (ETRTO). The design and measuring wheel width for a
tires has been standardized by these bodies.

Thus for tires designated with an aspect ratio of 50 series or greater, the
design and measuring wheel width is 70% of the tire's section width,
rounded to the nearest 0.5'. For tires with an aspect ratio less than 50
series, the design and measuring wheel width is 85% of the tire's section
width, again rounded to the nearest 0.5'.

When does 255=305? Consider the new Vette, it uses 255/50VR16 tires. The
design section width of this tire is 10.04' as measured on a 7' wide wheel
(10.04 x 70% per TRA standard). The overall diameter of this tire is
26.04'. Thus the section height (tire height) is (Overall Diameter - Wheel
Diamter)/2 = Section Height, or (26.04'-16')/2 = 5.02'. So, the Section
Height/Section Width = Aspect Ratio, or 5.02/10.04 = 0.50, a 50 series
tire.

The TRA has approved the use of this tire on wheel widths ranging from a
low of 6.5' to widest of 10'. Let's consider mounting this tire upon a
9.5' wheel. That's 2.5' wider than the design wheel's 7'. Recall that the
tire section width will increase by 0.2' for every 0.5' of wheel width
change. Therefore the 255/50-16's width would be increased by 5 x 0.2' or a
full 1.0', or a total of 10.04' + 1.0', or 11.04'. The new aspect ratio is
therefore 5.02' (the section height) divided by 11.04' (the new width), or
0.4547, about a 45 series tire.

Now consider a tire designated as a 305/40VR16. The section width of this
tire is 11.2', overall diameter is 26.2', a section height of 5.1'. The
design wheel width is 10'. Let's mount this tire on a 9.5' width wheel,
narrowing the section width by 0.2' to 11.0'. The new aspect ratio would
become 5.1'/11.0' or 0.4636, about a 46 series tire.

What does this all mean in terms of performance? Simply, put a wider wheel
offers more stability for the sidewall of a tire. This increases steering
response, handling and cornering stability. There is an outer limit to

this rule, too much wheel width and the tire's tread will bow effectively
reducing the contact patch. The other side affect is that ride harshness
will increase. Here's a rule of thumb, the optimum wheel width is the same
width as the tread width of the tire you're planning on using (no matter
what the aspect ratio).

Now, we will discuss the DOT number that is embossed on the sidewall. Any
street legal tire must have a DOT (Department Of Transportation) number.
Having a DOT number indicates that the tire manufacturer has conformed
with certain standards set by the Fed. The standards not only set minimum
performance levels but means that the manufacturer has paid the Fed the
proper taxes.

But, the DOT number itself is laden with information. Here's a typical DOT
number that might be found on a European tire... DOT XT VE XKAw 097. What's
all this mean?

The obvious is DOT, Department of Transportation, but next is XT. The two
letters or numbers following 'DOT' refer to the manufacturer and the
factory location at which the tire was made, in this case Pirelli's factory
in Sandbach, West Germany. The 'VE' is a typical letter - number
combination that refers to the specific mold used for forming the tire. The
'XKAw' can mean anything... possibly even secret code from one Pirelli chap
to another, but likely batch codes. And the final three numbers refer to
the date when the tire was made. In the case of our example '09' is the
ninth week of '7', or 1987. This dating is important for those serious go
fast boys who know that tires harden with age, thus tires that have a more
recent date maybe more desirable.

So, let's break the code... figure 1 is list of the codes used for the
factories used in the tire manufacturing.

Finally, more recently tire manufacturers have embossed some mystical
numbers and letters on their tires supposedly rating their products for
wear, wet traction and heat resistance. These number - letters are refered
to as UTQG ratings. The numbers refer to wear (mileage), the higher the
number the longer wearing, usually implying a harder rubber compound. The
average is supposedly 100 and although never discussed a score of 100 is
equivalent to approximately 20,000 miles. Thus a tire with a UTQG wear
rating of 200 is about 40,000 miles.

The UTQG additionally rates for wet traction and heat resistance. These are
rated in letters between 'A' to 'C', 'A' being the better. An 'A' wet
traction rating is typically an indication that the tire has deep open
tread pattern with lots of siping (the fine lines in the tread blocks).
Often this type of tread pattern is unstable when driven hard on dry
pavement. An 'A' heat resistance rating can indicate a number of things:
First, low rolling resistance due to stiffer tread belts, stiffer
sidewalls, or harder compounds; Second, thinner sidewalls, more stable
blocks in the tread pattern.

Armed with this sort of information tire shopping need not be so blind. Be
assured go fast Lotus tires will typically have UTQG wear ratings of under
50 and have wet traction ratings of A or B and heat resistance ratings of B
or C.

> > > Figure 1 < < <

AA General, Ohio

AB General, Texas

AC General, N. Carolina

AD General, Kentucky

AE General, Spain

AF General, Portugal

AH General, Mexico

AJ Uniroyal, Michigan

AK Uniroyal, Massechusetts

AL Uniroyal, Wisconsin

AM Uniroyal, California

AN Uniroyal, Alabama

AO Wearwell, India

AP Uniroyal, Oklahoma

AT Avon, England

AU Uniroyal, Ontario

AV Seiberling, Ohio

AW Samson, Israel

AX Phoenix, Germany

AY Pheonix, Germany

A1 Michelin, France

A2 Lee, Brazil

A3 General, Illinois

A4 Hung-A, Korea

A5 Z.O.S., Poland

A6 Apollo, India

A7 Bridgestone, Thailand

A8 Bridgestone, Indonesia

A9 General, Ohio

BA Goodrich, Ohio

BB Goodrich, Oklahoma

BC Goodrich, Pennsylvania

BD Goodrich, Oklahoma

BE Goodrich, Alabama

BF Goodrich, Indiana

BH Goodrich, Canada

BJ Goodrich, Germany

BK Goodrich, Brazil

BL Goodrich, Columbia

BM Goodrich, Austria

BN Goodrich, Phillipines

BO General, Morocco

BP Goodrich, Iran

BT Semperit, Austria

BU Semperit, Ireland

BV IRI, Kentucky

BW Gates, Colorado

BX Gates, Tennesse

BY Gates, Colorado

B1 Michelin, France

B2 Dunlop, Malaysia

B3 Michelin, Nova Scotia

B4 Taurus, Hungry

B5 Z.O.S., Poland

B6 Michelin, S. Carolina

B7 Michelin, Alabama

B8 Michelin, Brazil

B9 Michelin, S. Carolina

CA Mohawk, Ohio

CB Mohawk, Arkansas

CC Mohawk, Virgina

CD Alliance, Israel

CE Armstrong, Connecticutt

CF Armstrong, Iowa

CH Armstrong, California

CJ Inque, Japan

CK Armstrong, Tennessee

CL Continental, Germany

CM Continental, Germany

CN Continental, France

CO Goodyear, Turkey

CP Continental, Germany

CT Continental, Germany

CU Continental, Germany

CV Armstrong, Mississippi

CW Toyo, Japan

CX Toyo, Japan

CY McCreary, Pennsylvania

C1 Michelin, Nigeria

C2 Kelly, Brazil

C3 McCreary, Maryland

C4 Dico, Tennessee

C5 Z.O.S., Poland

C6 Mitas, Czechoslovakia

C7 Ironsides, Kentucky

C8 Bridgestone, Taiwan

C9 Seven Star, Taiwan

DA Dunlop, New York

DB Dunlop, Alabama

DC Dunlop, Ontario

DD Dunlop, England

DE Dunlop, England

DF Dunlop, England

DH Dunlop, Scotland

DJ Dunlop, Ireland

DK Dunlop, France

DL Dunlop, France

DM Dunlop, Germany

DN Dunlop, Germany

DO Kelly, Turkey

DP Dunlop, England

DT Dunlop, Australia

DU Dunlop, Australia

DV Vredestein, Netherlands

DW Vredestein, Netherlands

DX Vredestein, Netherlands

DY Denman, Ohio

D1 Viking-Askim, Norway

D2 Dayton, Tennessee

D3 United, Ontario

D4 Dunlop, India

D5 Dunlop, India

D6 Borovo, Yugoslavia

D7 Dunlop, S. Africa

D8 Dunlop, S. Africa

D9 United, Ontario

EA Metzeler, Germany

EB Metzeler, Germany

EC Metzeler, Germany

ED Okamoto, Japan

EE Nitto, Japan

EF Hung Ah, Korea

EH Bridgestone, Japan

EJ Bridgestone, Japan

EK Bridgestone, Japan

EL Bridgestone, Japan

EM Bridgestone, Japan

EN Bridgestone, Japan

EO Lee L.T., Turkey

EP Bridgestone, Japan

ET Sumitomo, Japan

EU Sumitomo, Japan

EV Kleber, France

EW Kleber, France

EX Kleber, France

EY Kleber, Germany

E1 Chung Hsin, Taiwan

E2 Firestone, Brazil

E3 Seiberling, Tennessee

E4 Firestone, New Zealand

E5 Firestone, S. Africa

E6 Firestone, Tunisia

E7 Firestone, Kenya

E8 Firestone, Ghana

E9 Firestone, S. Africa

FA Yokohama, Japan

FB Yokohama, Japan

FC Yokohama, Japan

FD Yokohama, Japan

FE Yokohama, Japan

FH Michelin, France

FJ Michelin, France

FK Michelin, France

FL Michelin, France

FM Michelin, France

FN Michelin, France

FP SATI, Algeria

FT Michelin, Germany

FU Michelin, Germany

FV Michelin, Germany

FW Michelin, Germany

FX Michelin, Belgium

FY Michelin, Holland

F1 Michelin, Scotland

F2 Firestone, Venezuela

F3 Michelin, France

F4 CNB, Portugal

F5 FATE, Argentina

F6 Firestone, Spain

F7 Firestone, Spain

F8 Vikrant, India

F9 Dunlop, New Zealand

F0 American, Mississippi

HA Michelin, Spain

HB Michelin, Spain

HC Michelin, Spain

HD Michelin, Italy

HE Michelin, Italy

HF Michelin, Italy

HH Michelin, Italy

HJ Michelin, Ireland

HK Michelin, Ireland

HL Michelin, England

HM Michelin, England

HN Michelin, Nova Scotia

HP Michelin, Vietnam

HT Ceat, Italy

HU Ceat, Italy

HV Ceat, Italy

HW Rudy Rijen, Czechoslovakia

HX Dayton, Ohio

HY Dayton, Oklahoma

H1 Michelin, Spain

H2 Kumho, Korea

H3 Sava, Yugoslavia

H4 Bridgestone, Japan

H5 Hutchison, France

H6 Shin Hung, Korea

H7 Li Hsin, Taiwan

H8 Firestone, Oklahoma

H9 Feifen-Berg, Germany

H0 General, Pakistan

JA Lee, Ohio

JB Lee, Ohio

JC Lee, Pennsylvania

JD Lee, Maryland

JE Lee, Virgina

JF Lee, N. Carolina

JH Lee, Illinois

JJ Lee, Alabama

JK Lee, Mississippi

JL Lee, California

JM Lee, Massachusetts

JN Lee, Kansas

JP Lee, Texas

JT Lee, Tennessee

JU Lee, Ontario

JV Lee, Ontario

JW Lee, Ontario

JX Lee, Quebec

JY Lee, Argentina

J1 Phillips, Oklahoma

J2 Bridgestone, Singapore

J3 Gumarne, Czechoslovakia

J4 Rubena, Czechoslovakia

J5 Lee, Oklahoma

J6 Jaroslav, USSR

J7 R & J, Indiana

J8 Da Chung, Shanghai

J9 P.T. Intriub, Indonesia

J0 Korea Inocee, Korea

KA Lee, Australia

KB Lee, Australia

KC Lee, Brazil

KD Lee, Columbia

KE Lee, Congo

KF Lee, France

KH Lee, Germany

KJ Lee, Germany

KK Lee, Greece

KL Lee, Guatamala

KM Lee, Luxembourg

KN Lee, India

KP Lee, Indonesia

KT Lee, Italy

KU Lee, Jamaica

KV Lee, Mexico

KW Lee, Peru

KX Lee, Phillipines

KY Lee, Scotland

K1 Phillips, Oklahoma

K2 Lee, Kentucky

K3 Kenda, Taiwan

K4 Uniroyal, Mexico

K5 VEB, Germany

K6 Lee, Oklahoma

K7 Lee, Chile

K8 Kelly, Malaysia

K9 Natier Tire, Taiwan

K0 Michelin, Korea

LA Lee, S. Africa

LB Lee, Sweden

LC Lee, Thailand

LD Lee, Turkey

LE Lee, Venzuela

LF Lee, England

LH Uniroyal, Austria

LJ Uniroyal, Belgium

LK Llantas, Columbia

LL Uniroyal, France

LM Uniroyal, Germany

LN Uniroyal, Mexico

LP Uniroyal, Scotland

LT Uniroyal, Turkey

LU Uniroyal, Venzuela

LV General, Ontario

LW Trelleborg, Sweden

LX Mitsuboshi, Japan

LY Mitsuboshi, Japan

L1 Goodyear, Taiwan

L2 Wuon Poong, Korea

L3 Tong Shin, Korea

L4 I.D.A., Romania

L5 Lassa Lastik, Turkey

L6 Modi, India

L7 I.D.A., Romania

L8 Dunlop, Zimbabwe

L9 Panther, England

L0 Michelin, France

MA Goodyear, Ohio

MB Goodyear, Ohio

MC Goodyear, Virgina

MD Goodyear, Alabama

ME Goodyear, Michigan

MF Goodyear, California

MH Goodyear, Maine

MJ Goodyear, Kansas

MK Goodyear, Tennessee

ML Goodyear, Maryland

MM Goodyear, N. Carolina

MN Goodyear, Illinois

MP Goodyear, Texas

MT Goodyear, Pennsylvania

MU Goodyear, Argentina

MV Goodyear, Austria

MW Goodyear, Austria

MX Goodyear, Brazil

MY Goodyear, Columbia

M1 Goodyear, Morocco

M2 Goodyear, Kentucky

M3 Michelin, S. Carolina

M4 Goodyear, Ohio

M5 Michelin, Nova Scotia

M6 Goodyear, Oklahoma

M7 Goodyear, Chile

M8 Premier, India

M9 Uniroyal, Connecticut

NA Goodyear, Congo

NB Goodyear, England

NC Goodyear, France

ND Goodyear, Germany

NE Goodyear, Germany

NF Goodyear, Greece

NH Goodyear, Guatemala

NJ Goodyear, Luxembourg

NK Goodyear, India

NL Goodyear, Indonesia

NM Goodyear, Italy

NN Goodyear, Jamaica

NP Goodyear, Mexico

NT Goodyear, Peru

NU Goodyear, Phillipines

NV Goodyear, Scotland

NW Goodyear, S. Africa

NX Goodyear, Sweden

NY Goodyear, Thailand

N1 Maloja, Switzerland

N2 Hurtubise, New York

N3 Nitto, Japan

N4 I.D.A., Romania

N5 Pneumant, Germany

N6 Pneumant, Germany

N7 I.D.A., Romania

N8 Lee, Malaysia

N9 C.P. Tropical, Brazil

PA Goodyear, Turkey

PB Goodyear, Venezuela

PC Goodyear, Alberta

PD Goodyear, Quebec

PE Goodyear, Ontario

PF Goodyear, Ontario

PH Kelly, Marland

PI Gislaved, Sweden

PJ Kelly, N. Carolina

PK Kelly, Illinois

PL Kelly, Texas

PM Kelly, Pennsylvania

PN Kelly, Ohio

PP Kelly, Ohio

PT Kelly, Virgina

PU Kelly, Alabama

PV Kelly, Mississippi

PW Kelly, California

PX Kelly, Maine

PY Kelly, Kansas

P1 Gislaved, Sweden

P2 Kelly, Kentucky

P3 Skepplanda, Sweden

P4 Kelly, Ohio

P5 Genl Popo, Mexico

P6 Kelly, Oklahoma

P7 Kelly, Chile

P8 Oingdao, China

P9 MRF, India

TA Kelly, Tennessee

TB Kelly, Argentina

TC Kelly, Australia

TD Kelly, Australia

TE Kelly, Brazil

TF Kelly, Columbia

TH Kelly, Congo

TJ Kelly, England

TK Kelly, France

TL Kelly, Germany

TM Kelly, Germany

TN Kelly, Greece

TP Kelly, Guatamala

TT Kelly, Luxembourg

TU Kelly, India

TV Kelly, Indonesia

TW Kelly, Italy

TX Kelly, Jamaica

TY Kelly, Mexico

T1 Hankook, Korea

T2 Uniroyal, Poland

T3 Z.O.S., Poland

T4 Carideng, Belgium

T5 Tigar-Pirot, Yugoslavia

T6 Hulera Tornel, Mexico

T7 Hankook, Korea

T8 Goodyear, Malaysia

T9 MRF, India

UA Kelly, Peru

UB Kelly, Phillipines

UC Kelly, Scotland

UD Kelly, S. Africa

UE Kelly, Sweden

UF Kelly, Thailand

UH Kelly, Turkey

UJ Kelly, Venezuela

UK Kelly, Alberta

UL Kelly, Quebec

UM Kelly, Ontario

UN Kelly, Ontario

UP Cooper, Ohio

UT Cooper, Texas

UU Carlisle, Pennsylvania

UV Kzowa, Japan

UW Okada, Japan

UX Tay Feng, Taiwan

UY Cheng Shin, Taiwan

U1 Lien Shin, Taiwan

U2 Sumitomo, Japan

U3 Miloje Zakie, Yugoslavia

U4 Byers & Sons, Ohio

U5 Farbenfabrik, Germany

U6 Pneumant, Germany

U7 Pneumant, Germany

U8 Nankang, Taiwan

U9 Cooper, Mississippi

VA Firestone, Ohio

VB Firestone, Ohio

VC Firestone, Georgia

VD Firestone, Illinois

VE Firestone, Indiana

VF Firestone, California

VH Firestone, Tennessee

VJ Firestone, Pennsylvania

VK Firestone, California

VL Firestone, Ontario

VM Firestone, Alberta

VN Firestone, Quebec

VP Firestone, Italy

VT Firestone, Spain

VU Universal, Pennsylvania

VV Firestone, Sweden

VW Ohtsu, Japan

VX Firestone, England

VY Firestone, England

V1 Livingston's, Ohio

V2 Vsesojuznoe, USSR

V3 Ta Hsin, Taiwan

V4 Ohtsu, Japan

V5 Firestone, Mexico

V6 Firestone, Mexico

V7 Vsesojuznoe, USSR

V8 Boras, Sweden

V9 M & R Tire, Massachusetts

WA Firestone, France

WB Industria Ak., Costa Rica

WC Firestone, Austria

WD Firestone, Switzerland

WE Nankang, Taiwan

WF Firestone, Spain

WH Firestone, Sweden

WK Mansfield, Mississippi

WL Mansfield, Ohio

WM Dunlop-Olympic, Australia

WN Olympic, Australia

WP Schenuit, Maryland

WT Madras, India

WU Ceat, India

WV General, Taiwan

WW Euzkadi, Mexico

WX Euzkadi, Mexico

WY Euzkadi, Mexico

W1 Firestone, Tennessee

W2 Firestone, N. Carolina

W3 Vredestein, Netherlands

W4 Dunlop-Olympic, Australia

W5 Firestone, Argentina

W6 Philtread, Phillipines

W7 Firestone, Portugal

W8 Siam Tyre, Thailand

W9 Firestone, Brazil

XA Pirelli, Italy

XB Pirelli, Italy

XC Pirelli, Italy

XD Pirelli, Italy

XE Pirelli, Italy

XF Pirelli, Spain

XH Pirelli, Greece

XJ Pirelli, Turkey

XK Pirelli, Brazil

XL Pirelli, Brazil

XM Pirelli, Argentina

XN Pirelli, England

XP Pirelli, England

XT Veith-Pirelli, Germany

XU Sam Yang, Korea

XV Dayton, Ontario

XW Dayton, Alberta

XX Bandag, Iowa

XY Dayton, Quebec

X1 Tong Shin, Korea

X2 Hwa Fong, Taiwan

X3 Vsesojuznoe, USSR

X4 Pars, Iran

X5 JK Industries, India

X6 Vsesojuznoe, USSR

X7 Vsesojuznoe, USSR

X8 Vsesojuznoe, USSR

X9 Vsesojuznoe, USSR

X0 Vsesojuznoe, USSR

YA Dayton, Ohio

YB Dayton, Ohio

YC Dayton, Georgia

YD Dayton, Illinois

YE Dayton, Indiana

YF Dayton, California

YH Dayton, Tennessee

YJ Dayton, Pennsylvania

YK Dayton, California

YL Oy Nokia, Finland

YM Seberling, Ohio

YN Seberling, Ohio

YP Seberling, Georgia

YT Seberling, Illinois

YU Seberling, Indiana

YV Seberling, California

YW Seberling, Tennessee

YX Seberling, Pennsylvania

YY Seberling, California

Y1 Goodyear, Brazil

Y2 Dayton, N. Carolina

Y3 Seberling, N. Carolina

Y4 Dayton, Ohio

Y5 Tsen Tai, China

Y6 Dunlop, Malaysia

Y7 Bridgestone, Tennessee

Y8 Bombay, India

Y9 P.T. Gadjah, Indonesia

HWH
91 SAAB 900SE T Conv.
95 SAAB 9000AERO
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